The discipline of archaeology is by no means a simple nor singular study of the past Essay Example For Students

The discipline of archaeology is by no means a simple nor singular study of the past Essay Due to the wide range of evidence within the archaeological record, from organic to inorganic, many different methods and approaches are taken in order to deal with the wide spectrum of differing evidence. Nevertheless, the study of pottery is without doubt one of the most important tasks taken on by any archaeologist. A great wealth of information can be gained from the study of pottery, despite its inanimate state. It is for this very reason that this essay will attempt to explore and explain the multitude of study that archaeologists apply to pottery. As has already been stated, there are many lessons to be learned from the study of pottery. These lessons vary in both practice and utility. However, all play their part in piecing together the past. Much can be learned from pottery some of which is directly linked to the pottery itself. Other information can be found which is more inferred than anything else. This therefore makes the study of pottery one of two parts. We will write a custom essay on The discipline of archaeology is by no means a simple nor singular study of the past specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Firstly, the physical study of pottery, which will be dealt with in the first part of this essay, and secondly the study of the cultural insight pottery gives enabling archaeologists to understand the society from which it came. Perhaps the most obvious way of analysing pottery is by the naked eye but its obviousness should not detract from its importance. By observing the physical attributes of any artefact a great deal can be told of its manufacture as well as its manufacturer. The practice of typology is of great use when analysing pottery. By observing the shape and size of any artefact it is often possible to date that artefact within a specific range of dates. The size of this range is however not always as accurate as one might wish it to be. Nevertheless, by using typology an educated guess can be made regarding the creation of a piece of pottery this can then be further applied to the site itself where the pottery was excavated. If however, the piece of pottery is decorated in any way the date of creation can be more accurate. The reason for this increase in accuracy is quite simple. Even though the shape of a piece of pottery is an important factor in determining its date through typology it is unfortunately not particularly prone to change through time, unlike decoration. The shape of a water vessel generally remains the same in any specific culture due to the nature of its purpose, it is therefore much more useful if a decoration is present on the vessel since it is much more susceptible to change. Decorative features may change in a few generations and therefore are said to be chronologically sensitive. It is for this reason that decorative features can narrow the range in which an artefact can be dated. As useful as typology proves to be it is unfortunately only suitable when sufficient research has been done in the particular area which is being studied. Characteristics from one culture cannot necessarily be applied to another. It is therefore not possible to assume that a small narrow vase found in Asia could be dated along with one of similar attributes found in Europe. Not all physical study of pottery have such complexities. Very basic observations can tell a great deal about the production of a piece of pottery. Although common place today, the practice of throwing pots on a wheel was only introduced after approximately 3400 B. C. Previous this date a process of building pots up using a series of clay coils was used. This easily identifiable difference can immediately give the piece of pottery a terminus post quem. It also gives a very clear picture of the technology available and used by the craftsman. The physical characteristics of pottery can also be used to identify even finer details of its production. If the surface of a piece of pottery is vitrified or glazed it can be assumed that it was fired in a heat in excess of 900 degrees Celsius which is only possible in an enclosed kiln. he process of firing pottery in an enclosed kiln produces complete oxidisation of the clay and therefore a uniform colour can be seen on the finished product. .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .postImageUrl , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:hover , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:visited , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:active { border:0!important; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:active , .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8022dfd49fad8e80fcc39eddd764328b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Call Of The Wild EssayA cloudy or blotchy surface indicates incomplete oxidisation which is the product of insufficient time or heat in firing, this is generally the result of a piece of pottery fired in an open kiln. It is also possible to apply more scientific methods to establish details of a piece of potterys manufacture. Scanning electron microscopy can reveal slight changes in the microstructure of clay heated in excess of 900 degrees Celsius. The attention paid to how hot the kiln was may seem at first disproportionate to its worth but in fact it is of major importance. By establishing at what temperature the pottery was fired at a clear picture can be painted of mans grasp of pyrotechnology at the time in question. The building of enclosed kilns therefore is an important stage in mans development. By assessing the method of manufacture an archaeologist is able to reveal the technological development of the group of people from which the pottery came from. Although merely observing pottery with the naked eye can give a large amount of information it has also been illustrated that more scientific methods of study are of great use also. The recent development of such methods has changed the field of vision of the archaeologist and enabled him to view the past with greater detail. The use of chemical and infrared spectroscopy has enabled archaeologists to establish details of the diets of the ancient people under study. Residue left in or on pottery can be looked at under a microscope to reveal the contents of a pot thousands of years ago. As stated in Renfrew Bahn a jar found in Western Iraq, after chemical and infrared spectroscopy was found to contain tartaric acid which indicated the earliest appearance of wine in the diet of any human race. Of course this particular piece of evidence goes further than merely indicating what an ancient group of people may have eaten or drunk. It has cultural implications too. It infers that, due to the nature of alcohol, the ancient group which the vessel came from were involved in social gatherings where wine would be drunk. This use of science within archaeology is by no means atypical. Scientific analysis may seem cold and quite unable to shed light on the people of the past but this is not the case. The existence of grain impressions or grains themselves in or on ancient pottery lend themselves perfectly to science. From this much can be learned of the culture of the ancient people in question. By studying the shape and size of ancient grains under a microscope archaeologists can gain knowledge of cereal domesticity amongst early peoples. Again, as with residue in the jar stated earlier, information regarding the culture of the group from which the pottery came from can de deduced through the scientific results of such practices as grain analysis through microscopy, spectroscopy and chemical testing. The cultivation and domesticating of cereals shows and advance in mans grasp of the world around him. Oil bearing seeds found in or on pottery can also help give an insight into the life of the group who made the pottery. Oil bearing seeds which give flax can be used to make textiles. These seemingly worthless remains often found in or on pottery are in fact of paramount importance to the study of the past. As has been illustrated knowledge of diet and behaviour as well as clothing and technology can all be gained through the study of pottery and that found with it. The application of scientific methods to the clay itself can also give great insight to the archaeologist. By identifying the chemical constituency of the clay the source can be identified also. This in turn gives evidence of the range and contacts of the particular group from which the pottery came from. .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 , .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 .postImageUrl , .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 , .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6:hover , .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6:visited , .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6:active { border:0!important; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6:active , .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6 .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u93becbcf6c01194e7020863b711106a6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Home Work EssayThis information can help the archaeologist understand the trade or lack of trade which existed amongst the ancient peoples under study. Obviously, if a piece of pottery was sourced 300 miles from where it was discovered it can be assumed that the group of people from which it belonged had contact directly or indirectly with the site 300 miles away showing either a very broad ranging community, as associated with nomadic groups, or alternatively an established trade link, as associated with a more settled community. In fact, as stated in Renfrew Bahn, the very existence of pottery indicates the emergence of a more sedentary life. Renfrew Bahn,1996,320) The presence of pottery within a culture shows the beginnings of complexity where trade and production are beginning to establish themselves. It is also important to note that pottery lends itself not only to the study of early technology and complexity but also to simpler aspects of early peoples lives. Beliefs and religious practices can often be seen on ancient pottery. Depictions of the arts and music can also be found on ancient pottery such as those found on the Iberian vases excavated in San Miguel de Lina, Spain. The discovery of pottery on an archaeological sight is a discovery of great importance. Pottery tells many stories of how it was made and who made it. It also goes further than this and can tell a great deal about the people involved in its production. Recent developments have transformed archaeology from closets of curiosity to a viewing hole into the past. Without the existence of pottery in the archaeological record that transformation would not have been possible. Pottery holds an endless supply of information all which may not have been tapped into.

The Effects of Antidepressants on children and Teenagers essays

The Effects of Antidepressants on children and Teenagers essays Sara is a twenty two year old Caucasian female. Sara was diagnosed with HIV seven years ago, but recently started antiretroviral therapy when her viral load went over 100,000 and her T cell count dropped below 140. She began on a triple combination therapy regimen including two reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a protease inhibitor. There are three main points that are necessary to discuss, in order to have an understanding of the true killer that AIDS is. Firstly, we must address the history of the killer and how it operates. Next, I would like to acknowledge theories of where the virus originates and how it came to infect so many people. Finally the last task is to really get a grasp on how many people the virus affects, and what modern day scientists are discovering in new methods of treatment. Starting from the beginning, AIDS, or Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome was discovered in the early 1980s. It was originally called GRID, Gay Related Immune disorder. Homosexual white males near the New York and California coast were becoming infected with mysterious illnesses and tumors. According to previous instances, these strains of microorganisms were rarely serious or combined in the same individual. One of these infectious agents was called Pneumocystis Carinii a usually inactive or harmless organism. P Carinii usually infects us at a young age. Although it has been known to cause fevers and infections that can sometimes be fatal, these are rare instances when the immune system is sick because of malnutrition or other forms of abnormal weakness. It was later discovered that the cause of these mysterious illnesses was HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus. HIV is not new to the world there is a similar equivalency in the primate world called SIV, Simian immunodeficiency virus. This virus has long affected certain African apes and monkeys, however it causes no immunodeficiency in its hosts or disease. It is harmless to them, but...

How to Overcome Insecurity in the Workplace

How to Overcome Insecurity in the Workplace Workplace insecurity is a thing- even for people who wouldn’t normally consider themselves â€Å"insecure.† Particularly for women, feeling less than on the job is a constant struggle- and usually, the feelings aren’t even warranted. Help yourself diagnose the most common workplace insecurities and figure out how you can overcome them. You’ll be much more productive and fulfilled if you do.1. Lack of TalentOkay, so right away you can probably write this off. You got hired for this job, didn’t you? So you can’t possibly be as underqualified or untalented as you think. Take a step back and stop comparing yourself and your work to that of your peers. Remember that your skill set and experience is unique and might bring something slightly different to the table than those of your coworkers- even if those might seem more impressive from where you’re sitting. And if you’re still feeling like you could know and do more†¦ learn a n ew skill or get a new qualification in an online course.2. Lack of AdvancementYou’re watching people get promoted all around you and you’re worried that you’re not advancing as fast as others. Don’t let the envy or resentment pull you down. Focus on your work. Sit down with your boss and have a chat about what you need to do to grow and start moving forward. Get clear on your expectations and then figure out how to exceed them!3. Lack of MoneyYou’re not supposed to talk about money in the office environment, but chances are you’ve been observant enough to know (ballpark) what the people around you are making. If this makes you feel inadequate, remember to make the focus on you: what could you be doing to qualify for a raise? Talk to your boss. Look around for other jobs, especially if you feel you’re not being rewarded for your skillset and work level.4. Lack of PopularityIf you feel your social skills aren’t quite up to par, s tart stepping up. Ask how you can be of help to coworkers. Go the extra mile. They will remember when the tables are turned and you need help. Plus, you can use their gratitude to build rapport and a better, warmer relationship.If you’re really stuck, there are lots of resources out there for improving your public speaking and social skills. Make use of them! And if you feel invisible on the job, start looking for ways to make yourself stand out a bit more. Take on high profile projects, come early, stay late, etc. A few calculated risks can put you in a much better position to be noticed and then valued.Remember that everyone makes mistakes and everyone is afraid of getting fired- at least at some point. Show up on time, do your job well, present yourself personably and professionally, and you should be in good stead. When in doubt, it’s always a good idea to solicit constructive feedback. Ask questions. Find allies. Trust your gut instincts.But more than anything: do your job and do it well. Go above and beyond. Rise above. There’s no better way to combat your insecurity than to achieve beyond even your own expectations. Just remember to take a proper moment to celebrate those achievements every time they occur.

A Simple Surgery Checklist Saves Lives Case Study

A Simple Surgery Checklist Saves Lives - Case Study Example They do not initiate for vital steps in the regular process but attempts to identify failures of the process. Based on the four flow charts, the system has much duplication of activities or redundancies in time especially on the number of times the patient has to give his consent. The patient consent is required in more in six scenarios in the system, from the holding room, anesthesiologist to the surgeon. The timing is such that they occur at a period when it is not late to correct the problem. This helps to ensure and further improve the safety of the patient. WHO Surgical Safety Checklist recognizes three stages of an operation, in each stage, the operation coordinator must check the completion of the task before embarking on the next stage (Szalavitz, 2009). The patient has three separate interactions with the health providers in the following phase of the WHO surgical safety checklist: During the Sign In stage (before the administration of anesthesia), the patient is identified, location, informed consent, and the procedure of operation are confirmed. The location/site marking is established and the finishing point of the anesthesia safety measure is done (Cavoukian, 2009). A confirmation of whether a functional pulse rate meter is present in the patient is done. Several other issues of concerns are addressed such as allergies, aspiration risk, air path risks, loss of excess blood, and the availability of effective tools and equipment for operation purposes. The Time Out stage is performed before the incision of the skin. Everyone involved in the operation introduces themselves to real names and their functions in the operation. They then confirm the patient once again, the identity/name of the patient, location/site, and procedure and deliberates on expected critical situations. Antibiotic prophylaxis, scheduling, and presentation of imaging studies are also confirmed at this stage.

Ethical issue Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Ethical issue - Dissertation Example Carbon offsetting and biodiversity offsetting are two examples of ways in which business can help with efforts to reverse damage to environment and society. However, because many avenues and opportunities are available for business to ignore the longer-term in favour of short-term interests, including profiteering, copyright and patent infringement, unfair trading and a neglect of product safety etc. a need exists for a broader examination of issues. The research presented suggests that although a sincere emphasis on corporate social responsibility will mitigate occasional and inadvertent harm to environment and society, a sustained record remains the key and it is unlikely that any business can continue to inflict harm on the environment and society without losing on the longer term. Declaration I certify that, except where cited in the text, this work is the result of research carried out by the author of this study. _____________________________________________ Name and Signature of Author May 2011 This write - up is for a dissertation on the impact of corporate Social responsibility on corporate irresponsibility and reputation. ... Sinners 10 2.3 Philanthropy and Strategic Giving as Corporate Social Responsibility 12 2.4 Deception for Corporate Social Responsibility 15 2.5 Significance of a Decent Historical Record of Adherence to Corporate Social Responsibility 17 2.6 Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Clients, Customers and Consumers 19 2.7 The Impact of Size 19 2.8 Corporate Social Performance 20 2.9 Carbon Offsetting and Biodiversity Offsets as Examples of Contributions for Corporate Social Responsibility 21 2.10 Conclusions about the Mitigating Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility 22 Chapter 3 Research Approach and Methodology 24 3.1 General approach 25 3.2 Methodology Framework 28 3.3 Secondary Research 30 3.4 Interpretation and Application of Results and Findings 31 Chapter 4 Analysis, Findings and Reflections 32 4.1 Analysis of CSR Indices, Publications and Case Studies 33 4.1.1 BP Deepwater Horizon Case Study 34 4.1.2 ExxonMobil Case Study 36 4.1.3 Toyota Prius Case Study 37 4.2 Observat ions Derived from Research 39 4.3 Reflection 39 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 42 Bibliography/ References 45 List of Figures Figure 1: Maximising the Value Accrued from Philanthropy 14 (This page intentionally left blank) Chapter 1 – Introduction Now more than ever, contemporary society expects sustainability, responsibility and sensitivity to societal needs from companies and this challenges business to go beyond the predominantly economic view to take into account the wider context (Morschett, 2010, Pp. 221 – 222). The new normative perspective for companies now includes due regard for the environment, care in the use of resources including water, primary materials, energy etc. and issues related to human rights, transparency, child labour and sustainability. However,

Immortality Through Verse in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and Spenser’s Sonn

Immortality Through Verse in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and Spenser’s Sonnet 75  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Desiring fame, celebrity, and importance, people for centuries have yearned for the ultimately unattainable goal of immortality. Poets, too, have expressed desires in verse that their lovers remain as they are for eternity, in efforts of praise. Though Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and Spenser’s Sonnet 75 from Amoretti both offer lovers this immortality through verse, only Spenser pairs this immortality with respect and partnership, while Shakespeare promises the subject of the sonnet immortality by unusual compliments and the assurance that she will live on as long as the sonnet continues to be read. Spenser debates with his lover, treating her as his equal, and leaves his opinion open for interpretation as an example of poetic indirection. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 begins with the "whim of an inventive mind," (Vendler, 120) a rhetorical question asking if he should compare the subject of the sonnet to a Summer’s day. After the readers see that Shakespeare does not ask to compare her to anything else, we realize that this one proposed comparison to a Summer’s day is, in his mind, perfection (Vendler, 120). However, in order to truly praise the woman, he must prove that she is "more lovely and more temperate" by deprecating the metaphor (Vendler, 121). Though the metaphor seems sweet at first, the implied answer is "no," and Shakespeare continues as to why she is not even worthy of the best possible metaphor (Colie, 36). His imagery of "rough winds" and the "too hot" sun together with the personification of Summer ("Summer’s lease hath all too short a date") support Shakespeare’s belief that Summer is too short and unpredictable to be compa... ...87. 36-37. Felperin, Howard. "Toward a Poststructuralist Practice: The Sonnets." Modern C Critical Interpretations: Shakespeare’s Sonnets. Ed. Harold Bloom. 1st ed. N New York: Chelsea House, 1987. 103-131. Oram, William Allan. Edmund Spenser. Ed. Arthur Kinney. New York: Twayne, 1 1997. Ray, Robert H. "Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18." The Explicator. Fall 1994: 10-11. Shakespeare, William. "Sonnet 18." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. E Ed. M. H. Abrams. 6th ed. New York: Norton, 1996. 471. "Sonnet 75: Criticism." EXPLORING Poetry. CD-ROM. Gale, 1997. "Sonnet 75: Overview." EXPLORING Poetry. CD-ROM. Gale, 1997. Spenser, Edmund. "Sonnet 75." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M M. H. Abrams. 6th ed. New York: Norton, 1996. 415. Vendler, Helen. The Art of Shakespeare’s Sonnets. Cambridge: Harvard UP: 1998.      

Audience Adaptation Paper

Taylor Cook COMM 101- Fundamentals of Public Speaking Audience Adaptation Paper February 18, 2013 In the TED video that I watched, the subject was about â€Å"Body Language† and was twenty-one minutes and three seconds long, but the speaker stopped officially talking at twenty minutes and fifty-four seconds into the video. The speaker, Amy Cuddy, had very interesting points about how a person’s power pose, powerful/ prideful or curled into a ball and timid, can influence themselves on how they think and feel about themselves. She also made the point that our bodies change our minds and that power posing for a few minutes really change your life in a meaningful way. Throughout the video I was a little unimpressed with her delivery on the subject. She did not seem to â€Å"do as she preached. † Her personal appearance was fine. She was dressed in all black except for her undershirt was teal which made her fade into the background except for her pop of color. She also hunched quite a bit and did not stand as properly or formally as other public speakers I have seen. Her body language was okay. When she showed what a power pose was, which was supposed to look like Wonder Woman, she did it not very convincingly and looked better and more â€Å"at home† doing a shy and timid pose. She did do a lot of walking up and down the stage to keep an eye on her audience and to keep them paying attention to her. This did work because when they would put the camera out to the audience, they were all intently in tune with what she was saying. Throughout the speech I did not feel much of a volume change until the end when she had gotten emotional with a story she chose to tell about herself and later on a student much like herself. This volume change is of course not a good one because you should not ever pick something to talk about that creates reoccurring feelings. This could make you really hard to understand through the crying or you could not be able to finish through your weeping. Her rate of speech was never too fast, but at points was really slow due to trying to find the right words to say to her audience. She kept saying â€Å"um† quite often and stumbled over what she was trying to say next. After the first ten minutes, she had said the word â€Å"um† over fifteen times. After the ten minutes, I quite focusing my attention on that and tried to focus on her main points and ideas about our body language. As Amy Cuddy’s speech progressed, she did not pause as much as she did in the first half of her speech. The best segment when she was truly flowing was when she started to talk about lab research she had done to prove her point that higher powered people are twenty-seven percent more likely to gamble than low powered people. They also have a twenty percent increase of testosterone than low powered people. High powered people had a twenty-five percent decrease in Cortisol, while low powered people had a fifteen percent increase. She seemed really happy with her proven results and it showed the way she spoke. Her language was very proper and articulate, except for her â€Å"um’s† of course. She did very well at pronunciating each thing she said. She did not have any dialect, so she was really easy to understand. While speaking, the only gestures she seemed to make were with her hands. She would either point to the screen behind her to show her research or notes or fiddled with her hands in front of herself. She rarely used anything else than her hands to symbol anything or to point something out. From the very beginning her eye contact was spot on with the audience. She opened with a camera on the audience to see how everyone was sitting. When she started to point out what she saw, the entire audience began to realize they were being analyzed. Everyone sat up straight and fixed their overall appearances. Overall her presentation was not terrible, but it was not perfect either. Her aids throughout are what I believe made the presentation a somewhat success. Her notes, questions, and graphs on her slides for the audience not only showed proof of her research, but preparation. That is the key trait that I had seen in her, which was quite ironic since she said that it was her weakness. My favorite phrase that she used throughout the seminar and what I know I’ll definitely pass along is â€Å"Don’t fake it till you make it. Fake it until you become it. †